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单数主语与单数谓语不可数名词与谓语集体名词与谓语 在英语语法中，主谓一致（Subject-Verb Agreement）是指句子的主语和谓语在数（单数或复数）和人称（第一人称、第二人称或第三人称）上要保持一致。这种一致性原则确保了句子意义的准确性和语法结构的正确性。 主谓一致的规则包括多种情况，其中之一就是就近原则（Proximity Rule）。就近原则指的是当句子中有多个主语时，谓语的人称和数应与最近的主语保持一致。这个原则通常适用于由并列连词（如and, or, nor, either...or..., neither...nor...等）连接的并列主语。例如： * 就近原则的例子：My sister and my parents are going to the cinema. （主语“my sister”是单数，但根据就近原则，谓语与最近的复数主语“my parents”保持一致，所以使用复数形式“are”。） 抗遗忘英语单词速记 随时随地背单词 不知不觉背单词 单词不用记 除了就近原则外，还有其他主谓一致性的原则，如： 1. 单数主语与单数谓语：当主语是单数时，谓语也应该是单数。 * The cat is playing with the ball. 2. 复数主语与复数谓语：当主语是复数时，谓语也应该是复数。 * The boys are playing football. 3. 集体名词与谓语：某些集体名词，如“family, team, group”等，可以看作单数或复数，具体取决于语境。 * My family is large. （家庭作为整体看待） * My family are all coming to the party. （家庭成员分别来看） 4. 不可数名词与谓语：不可数名词通常看作单数。 * The milk is fresh. 5. 形式主语与真正主语：在“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其余部分”的强调句型中，谓语应与被强调的真正主语保持一致。 * It is John who is responsible for the mistake. 这些主谓一致性的原则与就近原则相辅相成，共同构成了英语语法的基础。然而，有时候这些原则之间可能存在冲突或重叠，需要根据具体的语境和语法规则来判断和应用。在某些复杂或特殊的句子结构中，可能需要结合多种原则和规则来确定主谓的一致性。 练习题 1. Either my brother or my sisters _______ going to the party tonight. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. Not only the students but also the teacher _______ excited about the trip. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. The number of students in our class _______ thirty-five, but a number of them _______ from different countries. A. is; are B. are; is C. was; were D. were; was 4. Neither the boys nor the girls _______ allowed to stay out late. A. is B. are C. was D. were 5. The teacher with his students _______ discussing the project in the classroom. A. is B. are C. was D. were 6. The red shirt and the blue jeans _______ in the sale for only $20. A. is B. are C. was D. were 7. The police officer and his dog _______ searching for the missing child. A. is B. are C. was D. were 8. Either you or your brother _______ responsible for the damage. A. is B. are C. was D. were 9. Both Lucy and Lily _______ excellent at math. A. is B. are C. was D. were 10. The first person to arrive and the last person to leave _______ responsible for turning off the lights. A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案： 1. A (就近原则，主语为“my brother”，为单数) 2. A (not only...but also...连接的并列主语，谓语与最近的主语“the teacher”保持一致) 3. A (the number of + 名词复数，谓语用单数；a number of + 名词复数，谓语用复数) 4. A (neither...nor...连接的并列主语，谓语与最近的主语“the girls”保持一致) 5. A (with连接的主语，谓语与前面的主语“the teacher”保持一致) 6. A (the + 单数名词 + and + the + 单数名词，谓语用单数) 7. A (police officer是集合名词，通常看作单数) 8. A (either...or...连接的并列主语，谓语与最近的主语“your brother”保持一致) 9. B (both...and...连接的并列主语，谓语用复数) 10. A (to arrive和to leave是定语，真正的主语是“The first person”和“The last person”，谓语用复数) 
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